| 光学与光功能透明陶瓷的测试方法 |
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| DOI：10.16253/j.cnki.37-1226/tq.2025.03.003 |
| 中文关键词: 透明陶瓷 光功能陶瓷 测试方法 |
| 英文关键词:transparent ceramics opto-functional ceramics test methods |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 透明陶瓷是一类在特定波长范围内具有良好的透光性的陶瓷材料，广泛应用于激光、固态照明、闪烁探测器、磁光隔离器等领域。自上世纪 50 年代 GE 公司开发出第一块氧化铝半透明陶瓷“Lucalox”以来，世界各地的学者们先后成功制备了大量透明/半透明陶瓷。透明陶瓷种类众多，且每一种都有其独特的性能表征方法。光窗/装甲用透明陶瓷主要应用于车辆和个人及设备保护等，备选材料包括氮氧化铝和镁铝尖晶石，关注的测试表征包括光学、力学和热学等测试；高折射率镜头用透明陶瓷主要应用与制造高性能光学元件，备选材料包括氮氧化铝、尖晶石和钇铝石榴石等，关注的测试表征包括折射率、透过率和色散性能等；激光陶瓷主要作为激光增益介质用于激光器中，备选材料包括钕掺杂钇铝石榴石、镱掺杂钇铝石榴石和钕/镱掺杂的倍半氧化物等，关注的测试表征包括透过率、吸收光谱和光学均匀性等；磁光陶瓷是磁光隔离器的核心材料，备选材料包括铽铝石榴石、三氧化二铽、铽镓石榴石和钇铁石榴石等，关注的测试表征包括 Verdet 常数、光学质量、热学性能和激光损伤阈值等；电光陶瓷主要应用于光调制器、光存储器、光-电传感器、光谱滤波器、光开关、电激励多色显示器、光阀和记忆元
件等，备选材料包括锆钛酸铅镧、铌镁酸铅以及铌酸钾钠基无铅电光陶瓷，关注的测试表征包
括铁电、介电和电控光散射性能测试；闪烁陶瓷主要应用于高能物理和医学成像，代表材料包
括铈/镨掺杂镥铝石榴石、铈掺杂钆镓铝石榴石和铈掺杂钆钇镓铝石榴石等，关注的测试表征包
括 γ 射线能谱、闪烁衰减和余辉等；荧光陶瓷应用于照明和显示领域，代表材料包括铈掺杂钇铝石榴石和铈掺杂镥铝石榴石，关注的测试表征方法包括光通量和流明效率、色坐标、相关色温和显色指数等；长余辉陶瓷主要应用于夜间安全、生物荧光标记、光学信息存储和光学防伪等领域，代表材料包括碱土铝酸盐和硫化物，关注的测试表征方法包括激发发射谱、余辉发光性能和高温热释光性能。本文综述了上述八类透明陶瓷的测试表征方法，并详细阐述了材料性能 表 征 的 基 本 原 理 、 常 用 表 征 方 法 、 应 用 实 例 以 及 测 试 过 程 中 遇 到 的 问 题 。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Transparent ceramic is a kind of ceramic which shows a good transparency in specific wavelength range. It is widely used in the fields of lasers, solid-state lighting, scintillator detectors, and
magneto-optical isolators. Ever since the development of the first aluminum oxide translucent ceramics “Lucalox” in the 1950s by GE, researchers worldwide fabricated various kinds of transparent and translucent ceramics. There are various kinds of transparent ceramics, and each kind has its unique test methods. Optical windows and transparent armors are mainly used in the vehicle, personal and device protection, with major candidates of aluminum oxynitride and spinel, and test methods in considerations of optical, mechanical and thermal properties; high index ceramic lenses are mainly used in the fabrication of high performance optical parts, with major candidates of aluminum oxynitride, spinel, and yttrium aluminum garnet, and test methods in consideration including refractive index, transmittance, and chromatic dispersion properties; laser ceramics are used as a gain medium in the laser system, with major candidates of neodymium doped yttrium aluminum garnet, ytterbium doped yttrium aluminum garnet, neodymium doped sesquioxide, ytterbium doped sesquioxide and so on, and test methods in consideration including transmittance, absorption, optical homogeneity properties and so on; magneto-optical ceramics are the core part of the optical isolators, with major candidates of terbium aluminum garnet, terbium oxide, terbium gallium garnet, and yttrium iron garnet, and test methods in consideration including Verdet constant, optical and thermal properties, laser-damaged threshold, and so on; electro-optic ceramics are mainly used in the fields of optical modulator, optical storage, photoelectric sensor, spectral filter, optical switch, multicolor electrochromic display device, light valve, memory unit, and so on, with major candidates of lead lanthanum zirconate titanate, lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate, and potassium-sodium niobate based lead-free electro-optic ceramics, and test methods in consideration including ferroelectric, dielectric, and electric-induced light scattering properties; ceramic scintillators are mainly used in the field of high energy physics and medical imaging, with major candidates of cerium doped lutetium aluminum garnet, praseodymium doped lutetium aluminum garnet, cerium doped gadolinium gallium aluminum garnet, and cerium doped gadolinium yttrium gallium aluminum garnet and so on, test methods in consideration including γ-ray energy spectroscopy, scintillation decay profile, and afterglow; ceramic phosphors are used in the fields of lighting and display, with major candidates of cerium doped yttrium aluminum garnet and cerium doped lutetium aluminum garnet, test methods in consideration including luminous flux and lumen efficiency, chromaticity coordinate, correlated color temperature, color rendering index, and so on; persistent luminescent ceramics are mainly used in the fields of safety at night, fluorescence labeling, optical storage, optical anti-counterfeiting and so on, with major candidates of alkali-earth
aluminate long persistence ceramics and sulfide long persistence ceramics, test methods in
consideration including photoluminescence excitation and emission spectra, afterglow, and high
temperature thermally stimulated luminescence properties. In this paper, we reviewed the test methods
of the above mentioned eight kinds of transparent ceramics. The basic principles for the measurement,
general test methods, application case studies, and the problems encountered during the test process
were also mentioned. |
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